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\data\alt\turcet
 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*ilmeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 asp-tree 2 elm-treeface="Times New Roman Star"1 осина 2 ильм, вяз


face="Times New Roman Star"elma" 2









face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|lme 2





face="Times New Roman Star"elmen 1
face="Times New Roman Star"elme 1



face="Times New Roman Star"elme 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 338, Егоров 78, Федотов 1, 194, Дмитриева 189, Лексика 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. ильм is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Егоров ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l&mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i_ule).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|er/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 slime (on dishes) 2 mildewface="Times New Roman Star"1 налет, слизь (на стенках посуды) 2 плесень














face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"s 1



face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ez 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"d| 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 538.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 rope 2 lassoface="Times New Roman Star"1 веревка, бечева, канат 2 арканface="Times New Roman Star"uruq (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"uruq (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an, urgan 1
face="Times New Roman Star"org|an (AH) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"urGan 1face="Times New Roman Star"urux 2face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2





face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an 2
face="Times New Roman Star"urqan 1face="Times New Roman Star"urx|an, orx|an 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, VEWT 516, ЭСТЯ 1, 585 (confused with *ukruk), 602-603. Some modern forms reflect a secondary derivative *urkan.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumbface="Times New Roman Star"палец, большой палецface="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irgek
face="Times New Roman Star"ergek

face="Times New Roman Star"erbexface="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg'face="Times New Roman Star"ergek










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ЭСТЯ 1, 299, Лексика 253-255, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlbalface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a stone pillar erected on a graveface="Times New Roman Star"каменная колонна на могиле, истуканface="Times New Roman Star"balbal (Orkh., Yen.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 333. Borrowed (possibly from an unattested Bulgar source) in Old Russ. bolvanъ, Hung. ba/lva/ny 'stone idol' (suggestion of Melioranski, evidently preferable to the hypothesis of Korsch-Dmitriev < Pers. pahlava:n, see Шипова 84-85, Аникин 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jumra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gopher 2 ground-squirrelface="Times New Roman Star"1 суслик 2 евражка


face="Times New Roman Star"jomran 1face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 'mole' (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jumro|n 1face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 1 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jymran, jybyran 2








face="Times New Roman Star"jomran 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uburan 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 210, ЭСТЯ 4, 247-248, Лексика 165-166. Turk. > Mong. z?|urum, z?|urama, Khalkha z|uram, z|urma, Dag. z?|ombor, (Тод. Даг. 145) z?|umbra: (see MGCD 464, KW 481, TMN 4, 220), whence Man. z?|umara etc., see Doerfer MT 102, Rozycki 127. Cf. also *jamlan / *jalman (VEWT 183, ЭСТЯ 4, 97; > Mong. jalman). Turk. > Russ. dial. jevra/n and similar forms, see Аникин 195, 199, 205.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ibface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 firface="Times New Roman Star"1 гвоздь, колышек, чека 2 угол 3 penis 4 хвойное деревоface="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1

face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'







face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Лексика 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (КСТТ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ykanakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lock, pivotface="Times New Roman Star"засов, стержень


face="Times New Roman Star"cyg|anak (Sib.)







face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|anak, dial. c?a:naq (Верб.)








face="Times New Roman Star"syg|anaq, dial. syg|ansaq





face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 171. It is also necessary to note Kaz. s?ege, Kirgh. c?ege 'nail', possibly going back to the same root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ar-c?aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tethering postface="Times New Roman Star"коновязь



face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?a (R)




face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?yn (folkl.)





face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?yn (R - Soj.)










face="Times New Roman Star"R 4, 336-337, VEWT 403 (suggesting a derivation from sar-, saru- 'to tie round' - which is also not excluded).
face="Times New Roman Star"*syryc?gaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"glass, rock crystalface="Times New Roman Star"стекло, горный хрусталь
face="Times New Roman Star"syryc?g|a (MK), syrync?g|a (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"syrc?a
face="Times New Roman Star"syrc?a (AH, IM), sirc?a" (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"syrc?a 'enamel'



face="Times New Roman Star"s?ъrz/a 'bead'








face="Times New Roman Star"syrc?a



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 846, VEWT 419, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:b-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to hurry 2 quickface="Times New Roman Star"1 спешить 2 быстрыйface="Times New Roman Star"evu"k (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ev- (KB) 1, evek 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ev- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ev- (MA, IM, Qutb., Houts.)



face="Times New Roman Star"a":v- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ibek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ibek 2

face="Times New Roman Star"avas?- 1; avъk 'moment; quick'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 4, 8-9, VEWT 34, Егоров 19 (Федотов 1, 25-26 - differently).
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.be-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cemetery, grave 2 soul of the deceased 3 ghost 4 funeralface="Times New Roman Star"1 кладбище, могила 2 душа умершего 3 дух, привидение 4 похороны






face="Times New Roman Star"ever 2

face="Times New Roman Star"nebeg 1, ib@r@g 4


face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|va 1face="Times New Roman Star"sibien 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eveg 1










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197.
face="Times New Roman Star"*esface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 memory, mind 2 to pity, regretface="Times New Roman Star"1 память, рассудок 2 жалеть, сожалетьface="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (KB), esirge- 2 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"is 1face="Times New Roman Star"es 1 (AH, KW)face="Times New Roman Star"es 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"s 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ksi (< a"s-ki) 'clever'face="Times New Roman Star"es 1

face="Times New Roman Star"es 1
face="Times New Roman Star"as 1




face="Times New Roman Star"es 1face="Times New Roman Star"es 1face="Times New Roman Star"it| 1face="Times New Roman Star"es 1
face="Times New Roman Star"es 1face="Times New Roman Star"es 1
face="Times New Roman Star"es 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 252, VEWT 49, 50, ЭСТЯ 1, 310, Егоров 33, Федотов 1, 61. Turk. > WMong. esi, Kalm. is? 'allowing, etiquette'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ebi-s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to winnow, blowface="Times New Roman Star"веять
face="Times New Roman Star"evu"s- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"evis-




face="Times New Roman Star"a"s-face="Times New Roman Star"o"vu"s-, o"s-


face="Times New Roman Star"ha"p(i)s-, ha"s-face="Times New Roman Star"avъs-













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 15, VEWT 49, ЭСТЯ 1, 553-554. The form es-, attested already in MK (see EDT 240, ЭСТЯ ibid.) is possibly a contraction of *ebs-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bE:c?inface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"monkeyface="Times New Roman Star"обезьянаface="Times New Roman Star"bec?in (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bec?in (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"bec?in (MA, Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"pic?in
face="Times New Roman Star"bi:z?|in



face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) bexti 'год обезьяны'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 66, EDT 295-296, ЭСТЯ 2, 128-129, TMN 2, 382, Лексика 168. All IE sources (EDT 295, TMN 2, 382-383), like Pers. bu:zi:na, proposed for this word are quite unclear etymologically and probably borrowed themselves. {Cf. also some modern words meaning 'cat': MKypch., Khor. mac?y, Uzb. mas?i, Tat. ma"c?i, see Лексика 192, perhaps borrowed from Turk. into Slovak and Hungarian.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?A:b-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"whip-lashface="Times New Roman Star"плеть
face="Times New Roman Star"c?avyg|, c?ag|yg| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?avun 'leather whip'





face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:v-la- 'to lash with a rod, whip'



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъvъs? 'sound of the whip or rod', c?ъw|vas?-la- 'to lash'

face="Times New Roman Star"? s?avy-la- 'to lash (of branches)'










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 395. See also under *c?y:p.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)inc?gekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"milt, roeface="Times New Roman Star"икра


face="Times New Roman Star"inc?i, jince| (Sib.)










face="Times New Roman Star"iskexface="Times New Roman Star"istek











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 172, 203, Лексика 151, Stachowski 129.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jagyr, *jagrynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"back, shoulderbladeface="Times New Roman Star"спина, лопатка

face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ry, dial. jag|yr, jag|ryface="Times New Roman Star"jawyryn, jawyrny, z?|awyr (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ryn (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jag|rin


face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yrny; jag|yryn, jag|ryn (dial.)










face="Times New Roman Star"jawyrynface="Times New Roman Star"jawyryn (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"jag|r@ (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"jawrunface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 178, ЭСТЯ 4, 65-67, Дыбо 139-141, Лексика 242.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gErtmeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pearface="Times New Roman Star"груша

face="Times New Roman Star"germes?ik 'cornus sanguinea'
face="Times New Roman Star"kertme 'яблоко, груша' (OKypch.: AH, Houts., CCum.), kirni 'quince'















face="Times New Roman Star"kertpe
face="Times New Roman Star"kertme
face="Times New Roman Star"gertme

face="Times New Roman Star"gertmeface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 257. Perhaps < *gu"rt-me, cf. the attested OT (MK-Osm., see EDT 738) ku"rt 'mountain tree for making bows, Pyrus'; (AH) ku"rt 'quince'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yrgajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 name of a plant (irga) 2 honeysuckle, woodbind 3 juniperface="Times New Roman Star"1 ирга 2 жимолость 3 можжевельник





face="Times New Roman Star"irg|aj 1




face="Times New Roman Star"jyjra 3



face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|aj 1

face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|aj 3







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 166.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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